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Outubro com retorno das chuvas e cheiro de flor do café
O mês de outubro foi marcado pelo retorno das chuvas após um longo período de seca. De antemão, é o que registrou o Departamento de Geoprocessamento da Cooxupé. A temporada de chuva finalizou no início de abril de 2024 e retornou apenas no segundo decêndio de outubro. Somando, assim, mais de 190 dias consecutivos sem precipitações.
Um cenário preocupante e, dessa forma, causando apreensão e incertezas com a produção cafeeira na safra de 2025. Inclusive, podendo acarretar perdas consideráveis e atraso para a retomada da fase vegetativa da safra 2026.
Retorno das chuvas Antes de mais nada, as estações meteorológicas da Cooxupé registraram chuvas acima da média histórica em outubro. Portanto, com maior volume registrado em Carmo do Rio Claro, 327,6 mm, e o menor em Alpinópolis, com 148,8 mm.
As chuvas concentraram-se, principalmente, no 2º e 3º decêndios do mês de outubro e foram responsáveis pelo florescimento de maior intensidade. Aliás, trazendo cheiro de flor na área de atuação da Cooxupé. A florada aconteceu entre o segundo e terceiro decêndio do mês de outubro, segundo levantamento da equipe de Desenvolvimento Técnico.
Desenvolvimento Com a chegada das chuvas, pois, as lavouras retomaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo. Exigindo, nesse sentido, grande quantidade de água, nutrientes e proteção contra pragas e doenças. A ocorrência de veranicos (falta d’água), altas temperaturas, fertilidade desequilibrada do solo, ataque de pragas e doenças podem comprometer o desenvolvimento dos frutos. E, ainda, a evolução da fase vegetativa das lavouras.
Após abertura das flores, inicia-se a etapa de intensa divisão, multiplicação e diferenciação celular. Neste momento, a princípio, exige-se elevada demanda de energia (carboidrato). Deficiência energética somada ao autoconsumo de energia podem ocasionar a redução na produção da safra.
Temperaturas Por outro lado, as temperaturas permaneceram acima da média histórica em todos os municípios analisados. Na média mogiana de São Paulo, por exemplo, São José do Rio Pardo registrou temperatura máxima de 38,8°C. Enquanto Cabo Verde, no Sul de Minas Gerais, registrou mínima de 12,7°C, sendo a menor temperatura na área monitorada.
Em primeiro lugar, observa-se que as temperaturas médias reduziram no 2º e 3º decêndio do mês. Todos os munícipios analisados registraram temperaturas máximas acima de 33,3°C e temperaturas mínimas abaixo de 19,1°C. Dessa forma, ocorreu alta amplitude térmica, que corresponde às grandes diferenças entre as temperaturas máximas e mínimas. Esse fator pode alterar o metabolismo das plantas. Causando, acima de tudo, um elevado consumo de energia, redução de carboidratos ou interferência no processo de divisão e diferenciação celular.
Déficit e excedente hídrico Em decorrência do baixo volume de chuva e altas temperaturas no primeiro decêndio do mês, todos os municípios registraram déficit hídrico. Sobretudo, chegando a 39,8 mm em Coromandel, no Cerrado mineiro, sendo um indicador da falta de água que as plantas foram submetidas.
Com o retorno das chuvas no 2º e 3 º decêndio, houve registro de excedente hídrico. Em outras palavras, corresponde ao volume de água que o solo não foi capaz de infiltrar. Esta água escorre pela superfície do solo, indo infiltrar em outro local ou se depositando em algum curso de água. Como exemplo de Carmo do Rio Claro, que registrou 154,6 mm de excedente hídrico.
Armazenamento de água no solo Em síntese, com a chegada das chuvas, todos os municípios registraram aumento no armazenamento de água no solo. Sendo assim, acima de 79,2% de sua capacidade. Ao fim do mês, apenas as cidades de Alpinópolis, Cabo Verde, Monte Carmelo, Patrocínio e Rio Paranaíba não completaram 100% da capacidade de armazenamento de água.
Na página da Cooxupé, em conclusão, estão disponíveis para consulta todos os dados coletados pelas estações meteorológicas da cooperativa.
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